Declaration of Independence of Argentina was a decision taken by Congress of Tucumán that met in the city of San Miguel de Tucumán of the then United Provinces in South America. Was proclaimed on July 9, 1816 in the house that was owned by Frank Bazan of Laguna, which was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1941. With that declaration, they broke the bonds of political dependence that local governments had with the English monarchy.
... The Congress of Tucumán
The Congress was convened when the Holy Alliance in Europe promoting the restoration of the monarchy and fought against liberal and democratic movements. Began in Tucuman an inland city, the growing dissatisfaction of the people in front of Buenos Aires. Since the abolition of the Big Board by the First Triumvirate in 1811 to the Board of Alvear, Buenos Aires had imposed driving their core criteria, ignoring the confederal trends of most of these peoples. The provinces were summoned to meet in Tucumán and sent their deputies. Were including some of Upper Peru, then held realistic, but excluded Santa Fe, Corrientes, Entre Rios and Banda Oriental, due to political differences. Among the participants, the feeling prevailed antiporteño. The session began on March 24, 1816, with Thomas as Director Alvarez Supreme in the house of Dona Francisca Laguna Bazán and were announced by a salvo of 21 guns. But soon Alvarez Thomas resigned and was replaced on April 16 for Gonzalez Balcarce, who resigned. On May 3, Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires group, was elected Supreme Director, in order to pacify and unite the whole territory.
Members Gazcón Agustín Esteban, Teodoro Sanchez de Bustamante and José Mariano Serrano presented a plan accepted by all and whose main points were:
- Communicate with all provinces to emphasize the need for unity and confront the external enemy and .
- Declare Independence.
- Discuss the most convenient form of government for the United Provinces.
- Develop a draft constitution.
- Prepare a plan to support and sustain the war in self-defense, providing arms to the patriot armies.
July 9: Declaration of Independence
After a series of actions and after heated discussions about the form of government, on 9 July 1816, at the request of Congressman Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante Jujuy, discussed the draft Declaration of Independence. After three and a half session, the Congress proclaimed this day the existence of a new free nation and independent of Spain and other nations: the "United Provinces of South America." Rep. Narciso Laprida Francisco San Juan asked: "Do you want the Provinces of the Union are a nation free and independent of the kings of Spain and its metropolis?". All Members replied in the affirmative. Immediately, he built the "Act of Emancipation."
What happened next ... with the Declaration of Independence?
Since 1813, the United Provinces of Río de la Plata and did not swear allegiance to Fernando VII. Sovereignty rested with the National Assembly Constituent General Assembly (Year XIII), which was collected between 1813 and 1815.
Then the sovereignty passed to the General Constituent Congress, which was collected between 1816 and 1820 (Congress of Tucumán). Dissolved Congress and the Board in early 1820, there was no national government in the country until the election of Bernardino Rivadavia as President of the Republic, on February 7, 1826.
From 1820 until 1826 and from 1827 (following the resignation of Vicente López y Planes, Rivadavia's successor) until 1853 (year of enactment of the Constitution that now governs Argentina) each province resumed its sovereignty, enshrined in its Constitution own and had its own institutions and authorities, independent of the other provinces, as if each were a State.
During those long periods of provincial autonomy, it was the habit that the provinces delegated the management of external relations (diplomatic corps) and the business of peace and war in the Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires.
The government of Buenos Aires was recognized Independence by the major world powers: the United States of America (1822) Great Britain (1824) France (1830)
Our independence ...
This July 9, 2010, the Bicentennial year, fulfilled some 194 years after the declaration of our independence, a key episode in our history in terms of the consolidation of national liberation, which began to consolidate the consolidation of the nation Argentina in the Latin American perspective, culminating in a So the process that had its start on May 25, 1810, must spend six years for independence becomes reality, back in 1816.
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